In the past decade, the human genome has been completely sequenced and the knowledge from it has begun to influence the fields of biological and social sciences in fundamental ways. The issues of cloning, gene therapy, and embryonic stem cell research have been at the headlines of many newspapers and magazines for over a decade in many countries throughout the world. This book examines the likely impacts of emerging technologies that will give prospective parents the potential to directly influence the genetics of their offspring. The primary focus is on advanced prenatal genetic diagnosis (PGD) for both disease and non-disease traits, since this is likely to emerge before such possibilities as direct germline engineering. This book also highlights on today’s debate about cloning and other such issues in the life sciences, looking at the driving forces behind these discussions and the tensions likely to develop in the next few decades.