Cryopreservation is to preserve and store the viable biological samples in a frozen state over extended periods of time. A very important part research in cryopreservation is to reveal the underlying physical and biological responses of the cell and cause of cryoinjury, especially those associated with the phase change of water in extracellular and intracellular environments. This book addresses representative cryopreservation processes, such as slow freezing and vitrification, and the available cryoprotective agents. In addition, some adverse effects of cryopreservation are mentioned. This book also covers state of the art principles of cryopreservation as they relate the preservation of viable cells and cell materials being developed for pharmaceutical and biotechnical applications.