This volume is devoted to the central themes in Ivan Szelenyi’s sociological oeuvre comprising of empirical explorations and their theoretical refinement in the last 50 years. The contributors have been asked to take interpretive and critical stances on his work, and to clarify the relevance of his insights. Ivan Szelenyi has been asked to write a concluding chapter, and respond to the present reflections on his work. The ensuing volume discusses Szelenyi’s captivating scholarship as being grounded in a complex program for the political economy of socialisms and post-socialist capitalisms, and introduces him as a neoclassical sociologist whose research projects continue to investigate inequalities created by the interaction of markets and redistributive structures in various societies.